The state-level rules every owner and walker in Texas should know. Local leash lengths, licensing and off-leash rules are set by each city — find those on the city pages below.
Texas is a one-bite state with no strict-liability statute — but a handler has an affirmative duty to stop an attack, and failing to secure a dangerous dog can be a felony (Lillian's Law).
Texas has no strict-liability dog-bite statute. Two civil paths exist: (1) one-bite / scienter — the owner knew or should have known of the dog's dangerous propensity (a prior bite is not required; growling, lunging, or snapping counts); and (2) negligence — failure to use reasonable care (a loose dog, an open gate, or a leash-law violation, which is negligence per se). See Marshall v. Ranne (1974).
Under Lillian's Law (Health & Safety Code § 822.005), failing to secure a dog with criminal negligence, where it makes an unprovoked attack off the owner's property causing serious injury, is a third-degree felony (2–10 years); if the attack causes death it is a second-degree felony (2–20 years).
There is no statewide leash law — leash and restraint rules are local (city or county), and Health & Safety Code §§ 821.077 / 821.081 govern unlawful tethering (no chaining a dog unattended without adequate conditions). A dog declared dangerous (H&S §§ 822.041–822.047) must be registered within 30 days, carry $100,000 liability insurance, be kept in a secure enclosure, and be leashed and muzzled off the property.
Texas uses modified comparative negligence with a 51% bar (children under 7 generally cannot be contributorily negligent). The personal-injury limit is two years (Civ. Prac. & Rem. § 16.003).
This is general information about Texas law, not legal advice. Confirm current rules with the official state and municipal sources.