Colorado Dog Laws — Bite Liability, Leash & Dangerous-Dog Rules

The state-level rules every owner and walker in Colorado should know. Local leash lengths, licensing and off-leash rules are set by each city — find those on the city pages below.

Colorado is a two-track state — strict liability (economic damages only) for serious injury or death, negligence for the rest — and it expressly exempts professional dog handlers from suing under the statute.

Dog bites: two-track liability (C.R.S. § 13-21-124)

Colorado (C.R.S. § 13-21-124) splits by injury severity. For serious bodily injury or death, the statute imposes strict liability — but for economic damages only (medical bills, lost wages), regardless of the dog's history. For lesser injuries, a victim must proceed under negligence or one-bite (prove the owner knew or should have known, or was negligent; a leash violation is negligence per se). The statute defines dog owner broadly — owning, possessing, harboring, keeping, or having control or custody — so a walker can be a statutory owner for the strict-liability track.

Exemptions & the professional-handler carve-out

The statute lists exemptions from strict-liability recovery: trespassers, property posted beware of dog or no trespassing, someone knowingly provoking the dog, working farm or hunting dogs, and — notably — professional dog handlers, trainers, vets, and groomers acting in their duties (§ 13-21-124(5)(e)). This is an assumption-of-risk carve-out: if a client's dog bites you on the job, you generally cannot use the strict-liability statute against the owner (as with California's veterinarian's rule).

Leash, damages cap & time limit

There is no statewide leash law — rules are local (for example, Denver requires a leash no longer than 6 ft, Municipal Code 8-16), and a violation is negligence per se. Non-economic damages are capped around $350,000 (with exceptions for disfigurement or permanent impairment), and the dangerous-dog criminal law (§ 18-9-204.5) runs from misdemeanor to felony. The personal-injury limit is two years.

This is general information about Colorado law, not legal advice. Confirm current rules with the official state and municipal sources.

Dog walkers by city in Colorado