The state-level rules every owner and walker in California should know. Local leash lengths, licensing and off-leash rules are set by each city — find those on the city pages below.
California abolished the one-bite rule — under Civil Code § 3342 a dog's owner is strictly liable for a bite.
California abolished the one-bite rule. Under Civil Code § 3342, a dog's owner is strictly liable for a bite that happens in a public place or while the victim is lawfully on private property — regardless of the dog's prior viciousness or the owner's knowledge of it. The victim need not prove negligence; the first bite is enough. Lawful presence includes anyone there by the owner's express or implied invitation and anyone performing a legal duty (mail carriers, delivery, utility workers).
Recognized defenses: trespassing (the victim must be lawfully present), provocation, police or military dogs under written policy, and assumption of risk — the veterinarian's rule, under which vets, groomers, and paid dog professionals who take on the known risk of bites generally cannot use § 3342. California is a pure comparative negligence state, so a victim's recovery is reduced by their share of fault. The personal-injury limit is two years (CCP § 335.1).
§ 3342 covers bites. If a dog knocks someone down, scratches, or causes a fall, that is handled under negligence (Civil Code § 1714) — the victim shows the owner failed to use reasonable care. Violating a leash law is negligence per se (Delfino v. Sloan).
California has no single statewide leash statute — leash rules are city and county ordinances (for example, the San Diego Municipal Code requires leashing in public). Violating them is negligence per se, so your actual leash obligation is municipal — see the city page.
If a dog bites, the owner must take reasonable steps to prevent further risk, and repeat incidents escalate consequences. An owner who knows a dog is dangerous and fails to control it can face misdemeanor or felony charges if it injures someone; owning a dog trained to fight, knowing it is dangerous, and failing to use ordinary care can be a felony — up to four years and a $10,000 fine (Penal Code § 399 / 399.5).
This is general information about California law, not legal advice. Confirm current rules with the official state and municipal sources.